为何减肥总是功亏一篑？《自然》杂志揭秘：体重反弹背后隐藏着你从未想到的生物学陷阱

Core Insights - The article discusses a groundbreaking study published in Nature Metabolism that reveals a significant mechanism behind obesity, specifically the malfunction of "micro power plants" in fat cells, which may explain the challenges faced in weight loss efforts [7][10]. Group 1: Research Findings - A specific protein called flagellin, released by gut microbiota, is identified as a key signaling molecule that regulates appetite [7]. - The study introduces the concept of "neurobiotic sense," establishing a high-speed communication channel between the gut and the brain [9]. - Analysis of 56 human fat tissue samples shows that mitochondrial fragmentation creates a metabolic vicious cycle, making it harder for long-term obese individuals to lose weight [10]. Group 2: Practical Solutions - Following food intake, the activity of gut microbiota increases, leading to a significant rise in flagellin release, which is detected by specialized PYY neuroendocrine cells in the colon [11]. - The expression level of the DNM1L gene correlates positively with BMI, indicating its role in obesity and insulin resistance [12]. - Recommendations include optimizing fat intake by avoiding long-term high-fat diets, replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated fats, and controlling daily fat intake to 25-30% of total calories [12]. Group 3: Exercise and Nutrition Strategies - High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is suggested, with a regimen of three sessions per week, each lasting only 20 minutes [12]. - A targeted nutrient supplementation plan and time-restricted eating, compressing the daily eating window to 8-10 hours, are proposed to enhance weight management [19].