张锋最新论文：把“细菌注射器”升级改造为递药系统，实现多种生物分子的靶向递送

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of a novel protein delivery system called SPEAR, which enhances the capabilities of the previously established Photorhabdus virulence cassette (PVC) system, allowing for targeted delivery of various biomolecules, including proteins, ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) [3][4][19]. Group 1: SPEAR System Development - The SPEAR system is an upgraded version of the PVC system, enabling the delivery of not only proteins but also RNPs and ssDNA, targeting specific cell types both in vitro and in vivo [4][10]. - The core innovation of the SPEAR system lies in the modification of the "nanosyringe" structure, allowing for the delivery of pre-assembled RNPs and ssDNA, thus facilitating precise gene editing and gene insertion repair [10][11]. - SPEAR's modular design allows for flexible and rapid customization, enabling the production of various configurations based on specific delivery needs [12][19]. Group 2: Targeting Mechanism - The SPEAR system improves targeting capabilities by incorporating a "universal interface" on the Pvc13 component, allowing for the attachment of antibodies that can recognize specific cell surface proteins, thus achieving precise targeting [13][14]. - Experimental results indicate that the SPEAR system can effectively target specific cells in mixed cell cultures and in mouse models without affecting non-target cells [14][19]. Group 3: Advantages of SPEAR System - The SPEAR system offers diverse delivery options, including proteins, RNPs, and ssDNA, with strong targeting capabilities for any cell type with known surface markers [17]. - The unique delivery mechanism of the SPEAR system allows it to bypass complex cellular pathways, making it suitable for difficult-to-transfect cells, including plant, fungal, or bacterial cells [17]. - Stability tests show that the SPEAR system can maintain activity for 23 months at -80°C, indicating its robustness for long-term storage [17]. Group 4: Future Implications - The research represents a significant breakthrough in the field of biomolecular delivery, addressing long-standing challenges in gene therapy and cell therapy regarding the safe, efficient, and precise delivery of therapeutic molecules [19]. - Although there is still a long way to go from laboratory research to clinical application, the SPEAR technology provides a powerful and flexible new tool for future developments in gene therapy, cell therapy, vaccine development, and basic research [19].