欺骗大脑 “我吃饱了” ，司美格鲁肽是如何做到的?

Core Insights - The article discusses the significant advancements in GLP-1 receptor agonists, particularly semaglutide and tirzepatide, in the fields of weight loss and glucose control, emphasizing their ability to enhance feelings of satiety earlier and for longer periods [4][6]. Mechanisms of Action - GLP-1 receptor agonists activate specific neurons in the hypothalamus, leading to pre-ingestive satiation, which allows individuals to feel full before consuming large amounts of food [6]. - Semaglutide directly suppresses appetite by activating GLP-1 receptors in the brain, reducing hunger motivation and enhancing satiety signals [7]. - These drugs slow gastric emptying, prolonging the duration of satiety by maintaining a steady flow of signals from the gastrointestinal tract [8]. - They stabilize blood sugar levels, which indirectly reduces fluctuations in appetite driven by blood sugar spikes and drops [8]. Clinical Efficacy - In clinical trials, semaglutide has shown an average weight loss of approximately 14.9% over 68 weeks in non-diabetic populations, compared to a 2.4% loss in the placebo group [8]. - Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated an average weight loss of about 20% over 72 weeks, outperforming single-target GLP-1 medications [9]. Shared Mechanisms - Both drugs utilize three key pathways to enhance satiety: central nervous pathways that activate specific brain regions, gastrointestinal-vagal pathways that slow gastric emptying, and insulin-metabolic pathways that stabilize blood sugar levels [10][11]. User Considerations - Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort, primarily due to slowed gastric emptying, which typically improve over time [12]. - Both medications require adherence to a weekly injection regimen, with a gradual dose escalation to improve tolerance [12]. - Individual results may vary, and combining medication with dietary, exercise, and behavioral management is essential for achieving long-term weight and metabolic benefits [12].