从WAIC到WRC，灵巧手行业有哪些新趋势？

Core Viewpoint - The current landscape of dexterous hand technology is characterized by diverse approaches from different manufacturers, with no unified solution yet established, reflecting a balance between performance, cost, and reliability [1] Summary by Sections Trends in Dexterous Hand Technology - The core area of differentiation in technology routes is the transmission system, with Tesla's Optimus evolving from a "worm gear + tendon" solution to a rumored "screw + tendon" hybrid transmission for its fourth generation, enhancing freedom while optimizing force transmission efficiency [2] - Domestic companies primarily use linkage transmission, such as the RH56BFX series from Yinshi Robotics, which achieves 11 degrees of freedom through linkage and spring transmission [2] - Some companies have broken through the limitations of previous solutions, like Zhiyuan Robotics' five-finger dexterous hand using a mixed scheme of screw + linkage + turbine rod + tendon, indicating a potential return to the mainstream for the screw + tendon composite scheme [4] Technical Innovations and Challenges - Innovations have addressed previous bottlenecks of tendon solutions, with domestic manufacturers finding better solutions to issues like precision control and wear [6] - The use of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) in tendon materials has shown promise, with Chinese production accounting for nearly 50% of global supply [8] - Tactile sensors have become standard in dexterous hands, with various implementations enhancing environmental interaction capabilities [8][10] - The main technical challenges lie in hardware and software, particularly in achieving high degrees of freedom within compact structures while controlling costs [10][12] Market Dynamics and Player Strategies - The dexterous hand market participants can be categorized into three main groups: self-research entities, new dexterous hand forces, and component extension players, each leveraging unique advantages to occupy niche markets [15] - Self-research entities focus on optimizing overall machine performance through in-house dexterous hand development, while new forces prioritize core technology breakthroughs and rapid market entry [17] - Component extension players leverage supply chain advantages, with companies like Zhaowei Electromechanical and Leisai Intelligent developing dexterous hands that integrate self-researched micro-reducers and sensors [19] Future Outlook - The industry is expected to experience significant growth, driven by continuous investment, policy support, and the expansion of application scenarios [22] - Deep bionic design is seen as a long-term direction for dexterous hand development, aiming to fully simulate human hand functions and reduce interaction costs [22] - The integration of AI models with dexterous hands is anticipated to enhance operational skill learning and adaptability, supporting the scale application of dexterous hands in various fields [24][25]