华中科技大学最新Cell子刊：补充这种肠道细菌，改善脑缺血患者的认知功能

Core Viewpoint - The study indicates that the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus can promote cognitive function recovery in cerebral ischemia by regulating microglial peroxisomal function, providing a basis for neurotherapies targeting gut microbiota [2][3][8]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research team found a correlation between low abundance of Lactobacillus acidophilus and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral ischemia [4][9]. - Supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviated ischemic deficits in mouse models of arterial occlusion and bilateral carotid artery stenosis [4]. - The neuroprotective effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus is driven by enhancing the bioavailability of linoleic acid (LinA), which activates peroxisomes in microglial cells, leading to anti-inflammatory reprogramming [4][9]. Group 2: Clinical Trial Results - A randomized clinical trial (Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT05845983) demonstrated that supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus improved cognitive abilities and cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebral ischemia [5][9].