体重超标危害远超想象！NEJM子刊重磅研究揭示肥胖与16种重大疾病的密切关联

Core Viewpoint - Obesity is a significant public health threat, with the National Health Commission emphasizing the importance of weight management as a primary preventive measure against diseases. The global increase in obesity rates poses hidden risks to health, necessitating urgent attention to this issue [6][14]. Group 1: Research Findings - Traditional studies have established a link between obesity and metabolic diseases but often lack comprehensive assessments and representation of key demographics, such as extreme obesity (BMI≥40), women, minorities, and low-income groups. The NEJM Evidence study provides a milestone analysis of the relationship between different levels of obesity and health outcomes [7][9]. - The study analyzed data from 413,360 participants in the U.S. "All of Us" program from May 2018 to July 2022, ultimately focusing on 270,657 qualified subjects. Participants were categorized based on WHO BMI standards, allowing for a detailed evaluation of health impacts across various obesity levels [9][10]. - The research examined 16 diseases closely associated with obesity, revealing alarming trends. Among participants with an average age of 51.9 years, the overall obesity rate was 42.4%, with significant representation of women and minorities [10][11]. Group 2: Health Risks and Implications - The study found a significant positive correlation between BMI levels and the risk of all 16 diseases examined. As BMI increased from normal to extreme obesity, the incidence of diseases rose in a stepwise manner, with hypertension being the most prevalent in the extreme obesity group [11][12]. - Extreme obesity (III level) was associated with staggering increases in disease risk, such as a 10.94-fold increase in obstructive sleep apnea risk and 7.74-fold for type 2 diabetes. Other conditions like asthma and osteoarthritis also showed significant but comparatively lower risk ratios [12][13]. - The population attributable fraction (PAF) analysis indicated that extreme obesity contributes differently to various diseases, with obstructive sleep apnea showing a PAF of 20.7%. When combining II and III level obesity, the PAF for gastroesophageal reflux disease was 8.3%, while obstructive sleep apnea's PAF surged to 34.6% [13][14]. Group 3: Conclusion and Recommendations - The large-scale study concludes that obesity, particularly severe obesity, is clearly linked to the development of 16 common diseases. The data highlights the urgent need for effective weight management strategies, including dietary adjustments and exercise, to mitigate health risks associated with obesity [14].