电阻网络+折纸力学，这款可编程折叠组件让机器人拥有了“形态自由”

Core Viewpoint - Flexible and reconfigurable robots are at the forefront of robotics research, but they face limitations in dynamic environments due to fixed folding paths and behaviors, necessitating advancements in material capabilities for real-time reconfiguration [1][2]. Group 1: Technological Innovations - Origami techniques provide a significant breakthrough for traditional flexible and reconfigurable robots by enabling substantial shape transformations without additional mechanical components [2]. - Researchers from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology have developed a field-programmable robotic folding sheet that integrates origami mechanics with distributed electronic control systems [3][6]. Group 2: Component Design and Functionality - The field-programmable robotic folding sheet features a metal resistive network array that allows for independent heating and temperature sensing, enabling flexible folding configurations based on task requirements [6][7]. - The folding angle range of the component is from -87° to +109°, supporting various movements such as crawling, flipping, and grasping, enhancing adaptability to environmental changes [6][20]. Group 3: Control Systems and Algorithms - The system employs a closed-loop temperature control mechanism using resistive network imaging (RNI) for real-time temperature monitoring and adjustment, ensuring precise control of folding curvature [15][17]. - A genetic algorithm is utilized to predict voltage distribution, achieving rapid response times for shape deformation commands, with a response time of less than 0.8 seconds [14][19]. Group 4: Application Scenarios - The robotic folding sheet has been tested in various scenarios, including extraterrestrial exploration, object grasping, and terrain navigation, demonstrating its versatility and adaptability [20][21][22]. - In object grasping, the component can adjust its folding method based on the characteristics of different objects, achieving a maximum effective load weight ratio of 4 [22]. - For terrain navigation, the component mimics biological movements to adapt to challenging terrains, with specific displacements for crawling (26.44mm), waving (8.85mm), walking (6.27mm), and dragging (9.80mm) [23].