20万细胞告诉你：肥胖衰老可逆，但"炎症记忆"为何让你总反弹？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a groundbreaking study published in "Nature" that reveals how weight loss can reverse cellular aging and metabolic disorders associated with obesity, highlighting the complex changes in adipose tissue post-weight loss [5][8]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study analyzed over 170,000 cells from 25 obese patients post-bariatric surgery and 24 healthy controls, revealing significant changes in adipose tissue, including an increase in immune cell infiltration, particularly macrophages, from 14% to 31% [6]. - The study found that weight loss significantly reduced the total proportion of myeloid cells in adipose tissue to 18%, and the phenotype of macrophages shifted from pro-inflammatory to a milder subtype, indicating improved metabolic function [6][7]. - Weight loss also led to a dramatic change in mature adipocyte phenotype and metabolism, reducing stress and fibrosis while reactivating lipid synthesis and breakdown pathways, which enhances insulin sensitivity and overall adipocyte function [6][7]. Group 2: Implications of Weight Loss - The research indicates that weight loss can broadly reverse gene regulation disorders caused by obesity, significantly reducing the expression of aging markers like p21 and effectively inhibiting the aging process [7][8]. - The study establishes a spatial dataset of human adipose tissue post-weight loss, providing deeper insights into the biological mechanisms behind weight reduction and its effects on metabolic health [8].