Nature Medicine：世界首例！我国学者成功将基因编辑猪肺移植到人体内

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses significant advancements in xenotransplantation, particularly focusing on the successful transplantation of genetically edited pig organs into human patients, highlighting the potential to alleviate organ shortages in humans [3][4][5]. Summary by Sections Breakthroughs in Xenotransplantation - In October 2021, NYU Langone Medical Center performed the first transplantation of a genetically edited pig kidney into a brain-dead woman [3]. - In January 2022, the University of Maryland conducted the first live transplantation of a genetically edited pig heart, with the patient surviving for approximately two months [3]. Recent Research on Pig Lung Transplantation - In March 2025, a team from Xijing Hospital published a paper in Nature, reporting the first successful transplantation of a genetically edited pig liver into a brain-dead patient, with the organ functioning for 10 days [4]. - In August 2025, a study published in Nature Medicine documented the world's first successful transplantation of a genetically edited pig lung into a brain-dead human, with the lung surviving for 9 days and functioning properly [5][4]. Genetic Modifications and Challenges - The pig lung used in the transplantation was genetically modified by deleting three "dangerous" genes (GTKO, CMAH, B4GALNT2) and adding three protective human genes (hCD46, hCD55, hTBM) to mitigate immune rejection [7][9]. - During a 216-hour monitoring period, the transplanted pig lung maintained vitality and function without signs of hyperacute rejection or infection, although complications such as severe edema and antibody-mediated rejection were observed [9][10]. Future Directions and Considerations - The study indicates that further genetic modifications may be necessary to improve outcomes, particularly in addressing coagulation disorders and enhancing graft survival [11][12]. - The complexity of lung transplantation poses greater challenges compared to other organs, necessitating ongoing preclinical research to overcome these barriers [12]. China's Leadership in Xenotransplantation - Chinese scientists are at the forefront of xenotransplantation research, having completed the world's first human transplant of genetically edited pig liver and lung, as well as a kidney transplant with a patient surviving for nearly six months [12].