【脱水研报】反内卷有哪些国际成功经验可借鉴？

Group 1 - The core idea of the article emphasizes that "anti-involution" is not limited to China, and "seizing pricing power" is a common goal of anti-involution, often achieved through "price alliances" internationally [1] - Price alliances have distinct characteristics, with sellers typically being fewer and from developed countries, leading to high market concentration, while buyers are numerous and dispersed, making it difficult for them to share effective trading information [2] - Products involved in price alliances are standardized, easy to store and transport, and have almost no substitutes [3] Group 2 - OPEC, established nearly a century ago, is the most renowned anti-involution price alliance, with key success factors including signing public agreements to allocate market shares, setting unified prices, and controlling or distributing product supply [5] - OPEC's strategies include maintaining the highest global oil production, adjusting alliance rules flexibly based on macroeconomic conditions, and establishing a transparent decision-making mechanism [6] - The article provides a detailed table of OPEC member countries, their reference production levels, adjustment amounts, production costs, oil prices, and profits, highlighting the economic dynamics within the alliance [7] Group 3 - The urgency of "anti-involution" is stressed, as other international industries are forming their own anti-involution alliances, posing a competitive threat [8] - Countries like Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile are advancing the establishment of a "Lithium Triangle OPEC," while Indonesia has proposed a nickel group similar to OPEC, and Russia is discussing a gas OPEC with Qatar [9] Group 4 - The article suggests that resource advantages combined with manufacturing strengths form a nation's core competitiveness, and forming alliances to enhance competitiveness is the ultimate policy goal [15] - Recommendations for anti-involution alliances include implementing "quotas + price limits" to secure pricing power, collective bargaining to enhance industry synergy, and establishing dedicated institutions to monitor macroeconomic conditions [16]