周小川：稳定币的监管考量与未来前景

Central Bank Perspective - The issuance of stablecoins may lead to uncontrolled issuance and high leverage due to a lack of understanding of monetary policy and macroeconomic regulation [6][7] - Concerns from central banks include "excessive issuance" without real 100% reserves and the potential for high leverage effects in the operation of stablecoins [7] - The need for reliable custodians for reserves and effective measurement of the leverage effects in stablecoin operations is emphasized [7][8] Financial Services Model Perspective - Stablecoins could play a significant role in a decentralized financial ecosystem, but the actual demand for decentralization and tokenization needs careful evaluation [9][10] - Current payment systems in China and several Asian countries have successfully developed based on account systems, indicating that a full transition to tokenization lacks sufficient justification [9][10] Payment System Perspective - Payment efficiency and compliance are two major concerns in the evolution of payment systems, with stablecoins seen as a potential solution [11] - Current advancements in payment systems are primarily based on IT and internet technologies, rather than blockchain, highlighting the importance of security and compliance [11][12] Market Trading Perspective - Market manipulation, particularly price manipulation, is a significant concern, necessitating transparency and effective regulation [12][13] - The use of mixed currencies in transactions raises regulatory challenges and potential for market manipulation [12][13] Micro Behavior Perspective - The motivations of various participants in the stablecoin ecosystem, including issuers and users, need to be analyzed to understand the implications for the payment system [14][15] - The existing retail payment systems in China are already efficient and low-cost, limiting the potential for new entrants to reduce costs significantly [14][15] Circulation Path Perspective - The circulation of stablecoins involves a complex process from issuance to market flow, which is not guaranteed without sufficient demand [17][18] - The role of stablecoins as temporary payment mediums or value storage tools will influence their market presence and circulation [17][18]