只靠种树，还救不了森林

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the critical importance of forest restoration for biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and soil erosion control, highlighting the need for a multi-faceted approach to improve forest ecosystem quality and resilience [3][14][17]. Group 1: Forest Restoration Challenges - Forest restoration has evolved significantly over the past thirty years, transitioning from the recognition of unsustainable deforestation to understanding restoration as a solution for climate change and biodiversity loss [3]. - Despite global commitments to halt deforestation by 2030, the actual progress remains insufficient, with only 24% of the ideal carbon absorption target of 1 billion tons being met annually [3]. - Many restoration projects focus excessively on tree quantity rather than the quality of the ecosystem being restored [3][5]. Group 2: Practical Experiences in Forest Restoration - Practitioners like Fang Ye and Zhou Jiading illustrate the complexities of forest restoration, which involves detailed surveys, seed collection, planting, and long-term monitoring [7][8]. - Community involvement is crucial, as seen in Zhou Jiading's project, where local villagers participate in various stages of restoration, leading to increased local income and a shift in their relationship with the forest [9][10]. Group 3: Importance of Ecosystem Quality - The quality of forest ecosystems is vital for supporting biodiversity, with current artificial forests and degraded natural forests lacking the ecological complexity of mature primary forests [14]. - Protecting biodiversity is essential not only for ecological balance but also for the economic implications of ecosystem services, as demonstrated by the impact of bat population declines on agricultural practices [15]. Group 4: Policy and Funding Mechanisms - Effective forest restoration requires a robust funding mechanism and the cultivation of technical expertise, as current funding sources are limited and often insufficient [12][20]. - The article highlights the need for policy adjustments to address critical issues like harmful forest type replacement and to ensure that restoration efforts are not merely compensatory but genuinely restorative [19][23]. Group 5: Future Directions and Collaboration - Forest restoration efforts must integrate ecological, economic, and social dimensions, necessitating collaboration across disciplines and sectors [21][23]. - The article concludes that while challenges exist, ongoing efforts and small changes in community engagement and policy can lead to significant improvements in forest restoration outcomes [23].