哈医大最新Nature子刊论文：张学/郑桐森/郝大鹏团队提出癌症免疫治疗新策略

Core Viewpoint - The research identifies CD160⁺ CD8⁺ T cells as a key factor in enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in colorectal cancer by regulating T cell exhaustion and overcoming resistance [2][5][7]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study found that CD160⁺ CD8⁺ T cells are specifically enriched in the ileum and possess unique characteristics, including resistance to terminal exhaustion and strong clonal expansion [5]. - CD160⁺ CD8⁺ T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in colorectal cancer models with high microsatellite instability and inflammation [5]. - CD160 gene knockout accelerated tumor growth, while the transfer of CD160⁺ CD8⁺ T cells alleviated this effect, indicating their potential therapeutic role [5]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - The research revealed that CD160 interacts with PI3K (p85α) and promotes the expression of FcεR1γ and 4-1BB through the AKT-NF-κB pathway, enhancing the cytotoxicity of CD8⁺ T cells [5][7]. Group 3: Therapeutic Implications - The study proposes an innovative immunotherapy strategy involving the infusion of CD160⁺ CD8⁺ T cells to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance, presenting advantages over existing therapies like TIL and CAR-T [7]. - A prospective, open-label interventional clinical trial has been initiated to explore the safety and preliminary efficacy of CD160⁺ CD8⁺ T cells combined with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in treating colorectal cancer [7]. Group 4: Commentary - A commentary published in Nature Cell Biology highlights the potential of CD160⁺ CD8⁺ T cells in regulating anti-tumor immune responses and improving treatment outcomes when combined with immune checkpoint blockade [8].