为何减重屡战屡败？《自然》重磅解密：体重回升背后藏着你无法想象的生物钟陷阱

Core Insights - The article discusses a groundbreaking study published in Nature Metabolism that reveals a significant mechanism behind obesity, specifically the malfunction of "micro power plants" in fat cells, which may explain the challenges faced in weight loss efforts [7][10]. Group 1: Research Findings - A specific protein released by gut microbiota, known as flagellin, is identified as a key signaling molecule that regulates appetite [7]. - The study introduces the concept of "neurobiotic sense," establishing a high-speed communication channel between the gut and the brain [9]. - Analysis of 56 human fat tissue samples shows that mitochondrial fragmentation creates a metabolic vicious cycle, making it harder for long-term obese individuals to lose weight [10]. Group 2: Practical Solutions - Following food intake, the activity of gut microbiota increases, leading to a significant rise in flagellin release, which is detected by specialized PYY neuroendocrine cells in the colon [11]. - The TLR5 receptor on these cells acts as a "microbial radar," triggering the secretion of PYY hormone, which sends a "stop eating" signal to the brain via the NPY2R receptor on the vagus nerve [11]. - Recommendations include optimizing fat intake by avoiding long-term high-fat diets, replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated fats, and controlling daily fat intake to 25-30% of total calories [12]. Group 3: Exercise Recommendations - High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is suggested, with a regimen of three sessions per week, each lasting only 20 minutes [12]. - A specific exercise pattern of 30 seconds of all-out sprinting followed by 90 seconds of gentle recovery is recommended [19]. Group 4: Nutritional Strategies - A targeted nutrient supplementation plan and scientific meal timing management are advised, including compressing the daily eating window to 8-10 hours and maintaining at least a 14-hour fasting period after dinner [19].