Cell子刊：“滴血验癌”新突破，王延博/张硕等利用细胞外囊泡，精准检测10多种癌症

Core Viewpoint - Early cancer detection is crucial for reducing mortality rates among cancer patients, and the study highlights the potential of phosphatidylserine-positive extracellular vesicles (PS+ EV) as a specific biomarker for multiple operable cancers [2][10]. Group 1: Importance of Early Cancer Detection - Most cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages, limiting treatment options and chances of cure [4]. - Current cancer diagnostics rely heavily on imaging techniques and histopathological analysis, which have inherent risks and insufficient sensitivity for early-stage cancers [4][5]. - There is a critical need for sensitive and accessible screening methods to detect various cancer types at earlier, more treatable stages [4]. Group 2: Liquid Biopsy and Extracellular Vesicles - Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive and sensitive detection method that can identify cancer at earlier stages [5]. - Blood is the primary biological fluid for analyzing circulating tumor-derived components, including circulating tumor cells (CTC), extracellular vesicles (EV), and various acellular molecules [5][6]. - Tumor-derived EVs are released by metabolically active and proliferating cancer cells, providing a promising avenue for early diagnosis and clinical decision-making [6][7]. Group 3: Research Findings - The study identified phosphatidylserine (PS) as a tumor-specific EV biomarker, leading to the development of a blood biopsy method called "PSEV-MultiCancer" [7][11]. - In a clinical sample of 1869, including 1269 cancer patients, PSEV-MultiCancer achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.932, with a positive detection rate of 84.7% [7]. - For early-stage (I-II) cancers, the sensitivity reached 74.7% and specificity was 89.8% [7]. Group 4: Validation and Implications - The method underwent blind validation in three independent clinical cohorts, yielding AUC values of 0.97, 0.99, and 0.89, with an average sensitivity of 84.1% and average specificity of 97.3% [8]. - These findings support PSEV-MultiCancer as a promising non-invasive early cancer detection tool, aiding timely therapeutic interventions for patients [10][11].