体重超标危害远超想象！NEJM子刊重磅研究揭示肥胖与16种重大疾病的密切关联

Core Viewpoint - Obesity is a significant public health threat, with the National Health Commission emphasizing the importance of weight management as a primary preventive measure against diseases. The global increase in obesity rates poses hidden risks to health, necessitating urgent attention to this issue [6][14]. Group 1: Research Findings - Traditional studies have established a link between obesity and metabolic diseases but often lack comprehensive assessments and representation of key demographics, such as extreme obesity (BMI≥40), women, minorities, and low-income groups [7]. - A landmark study published in NEJM Evidence analyzed data from 413,360 participants in the U.S. "All of Us" program, ultimately focusing on 270,657 qualified subjects. The study categorized participants based on WHO BMI standards, revealing a significant prevalence of obesity [9][10]. - The study examined 16 diseases closely related to obesity, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, liver and kidney diseases, respiratory diseases, and other common complications. The overall obesity rate among participants was 42.4%, with notable gender and racial disparities [10][11]. Group 2: Health Risks Associated with Obesity - The study found a significant positive correlation between BMI levels and the risk of all 16 diseases. As BMI increased from normal to extreme obesity, the incidence of diseases rose in a stepwise manner, with hypertension being the most prevalent among extreme obesity cases [11][12]. - Extreme obesity (III grade) was associated with alarming increases in disease risk, such as a 10.94-fold increase in obstructive sleep apnea risk and significant increases in type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [12][13]. Group 3: Implications for Public Health - The findings underscore the critical role of obesity as a major contributor to various diseases, particularly respiratory and metabolic disorders. The study's population attributable fraction (PAF) analysis highlighted that obstructive sleep apnea had a PAF of 51.5%, indicating a strong link between obesity and this condition [13][14]. - The research concludes that obesity, especially severe obesity, is not merely a cosmetic issue but a serious health concern that requires immediate action, including dietary adjustments and the establishment of healthy lifestyle habits [14].