特朗普“接管”美联储？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the structure and decision-making mechanisms of the Federal Reserve, emphasizing its independence and the implications of political interference, particularly in the context of President Trump's actions and statements regarding the Fed [2][8]. Group 1: Structure of the Federal Reserve - The Federal Reserve is an independent entity of the federal government, supervised by Congress, and consists of a central management board and 12 regional reserve banks [2][12]. - The Federal Reserve has three core entities: the Board of Governors, 12 Reserve Banks, and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) [13][24]. Group 2: Functions of the Federal Reserve - The Federal Reserve performs five main functions: executing monetary policy, promoting financial system stability, supervising financial institutions, ensuring the efficiency of payment systems, and protecting consumers [12][19]. Group 3: Decision-Making Mechanisms - The Board of Governors operates on a simple majority voting system, with some actions requiring an absolute majority [4][26]. - The FOMC consists of 12 members and also operates on a simple majority basis for decision-making [27][30]. Group 4: Influence of the Federal Reserve Chair - The Federal Reserve Chair has significant actual influence beyond their nominal voting power, impacting discussions, market expectations, and the Fed's credibility [5][29]. - The Chair's leadership role is crucial in coordinating consensus among members regarding monetary policy [29]. Group 5: Historical Context of Dissenting Votes - Dissenting votes in FOMC meetings are common, with 36% of meetings since 1936 featuring opposition [7][30]. - The reasons for dissent often relate to the macroeconomic environment rather than the Chair's leadership or policy preferences [6][31]. Group 6: Political Interference and Independence - Recent actions by President Trump, including attempts to influence Fed appointments and policies, have raised concerns about the Fed's independence [8][36]. - The potential dismissal of Fed officials could undermine the institution's independence, with historical precedent indicating that such actions have never occurred [9][37].