谭天伟院士：第三代生物制造技术将解决“碳中和”问题

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of green bio-manufacturing as a sustainable development frontier, predicting that by the end of this century, bio-manufactured products could cover 70% of chemical manufacturing products, with bio-manufacturing potentially accounting for one-third of global manufacturing by 2050, creating an economic value of $30 trillion [4][5]. Group 1: Green Bio-Manufacturing Potential - The current scale of the bio-manufacturing industry is less than $8 trillion, indicating substantial growth potential in the future [4]. - The third generation of bio-manufacturing, which utilizes carbon dioxide as a raw material, is expected to significantly contribute to carbon neutrality efforts [5]. Group 2: Key Challenges and Innovations - Major scientific challenges include efficiently capturing and activating inert carbon dioxide molecules, requiring the design of new enzyme catalysts and light-enzyme coupling systems [5]. - Engineering challenges involve scaling up efficient but fragile biological systems to create stable, continuous, and low-cost reactors, transitioning from laboratory to industrial scale [5]. Group 3: Interdisciplinary Collaboration - Achieving deep integration across disciplines such as biology, chemistry, materials science, and information technology requires the establishment of project communities, shared platforms, and talent communities [6]. - Educational reforms are necessary to cultivate interdisciplinary talent capable of leading the next industrial revolution, including curriculum changes and new evaluation methods [6]. Group 4: China's Position in Global Green Technology - China is transitioning from a "follower" to a "leader" in the global green technology race, with advantages in applied research, industrialization, and market scale [7]. - The proposed international cooperation model emphasizes open collaboration in basic research, innovation alliances in key technology areas, and self-reliance in core competitive fields [7].