地缘经济论 | 第五章 粮食安全与农产品制裁

Core Viewpoint - Agriculture plays a crucial role in human survival and national strategy, with food self-sufficiency being vital for global food security, particularly for populous countries like China and India, which achieve this through policy choices rather than just natural resources [2][3]. Group 1: Contemporary Geoeconomic Implications of Agriculture - Agriculture remains an essential industry despite its declining share in the global economy, as food supply gaps pose threats to national security [3]. - Food inflation significantly impacts low-income groups, with food expenditure constituting a larger share of their income compared to higher-income households [3]. - Supply-demand imbalances in agricultural products can lead to price volatility, affecting policy decisions in agriculture, finance, trade, and diplomacy [4]. Group 2: Food Security Risks in Low-Income Countries - Low-income countries face greater food security risks due to lower grain self-sufficiency and per capita production, exacerbated by geopolitical factors [20][22]. - Armed conflicts and extreme weather events are primary contributors to food insecurity in these regions, with significant portions of the population facing severe hunger [21][30]. - Economic sanctions and trade disruptions can further elevate food prices and reduce purchasing power, leading to nutritional deficiencies [22]. Group 3: Strategies for Ensuring Food Security - Maintaining a reasonable level of food self-sufficiency is crucial for mitigating the impacts of international market fluctuations [26]. - China's agricultural development has been driven by production advancements and market reforms, significantly increasing grain yield per capita since 1949 [28][29]. - The focus on technological innovation and market-oriented reforms has been pivotal in enhancing agricultural productivity and farmer income [28][29][36].