真实、残酷的 AI 就业冲击，从一篇极其精彩的哈佛论文聊起

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of AI on the job market, particularly focusing on how it affects entry-level positions, highlighting a significant decline in hiring for these roles since the introduction of AI technologies like ChatGPT in late 2022 [5][6][28]. Group 1: Employment Trends - Since 2023, there has been a negative growth in entry-level positions, while senior-level positions continue to grow [16][25]. - The employment growth curves for junior and senior roles were closely aligned from 2015 to 2022, but diverged sharply in 2023, with junior roles declining [25][26]. - The data set used for analysis includes 285,000 hiring companies and covers 62 million resumes, providing a comprehensive view of the labor market [21][22]. Group 2: AI Adoption and Hiring Practices - Companies that adopted AI technologies showed a dramatic decline in entry-level hiring, with a 7.7% difference in hiring rates compared to non-AI adopters after six quarters of AI integration [42][47]. - The decline in entry-level positions is attributed not to layoffs but to a halt in hiring, with AI adopters hiring an average of 3.7 fewer junior employees per quarter [54][56]. - The retail and wholesale sectors experienced the most significant impact, with a nearly 40% reduction in entry-level hiring among AI-adopting companies [66]. Group 3: Educational Background and Job Security - Graduates from mid-tier universities (Tier 2 and Tier 3) are the most vulnerable to job losses due to AI, while those from top-tier (Tier 1) and bottom-tier (Tier 5) universities face less impact [70][78]. - The analysis indicates that companies prefer to hire top-tier graduates for their problem-solving abilities, while bottom-tier graduates are favored for their lower salary expectations [79][81]. Group 4: Implications for the Workforce - The article emphasizes the need for workers to adapt by moving away from entry-level tasks and focusing on complex responsibilities that AI cannot easily replace [84][90]. - It suggests that individuals should leverage their unique knowledge and skills, termed "dark knowledge," to maintain relevance in the job market [92][94]. - The importance of soft skills such as empathy and leadership is highlighted as becoming increasingly essential in an AI-driven environment [96][98].