我们为什么无法停止“内卷”？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the phenomenon of "involution" in contemporary society, highlighting the pressures faced by individuals in a competitive environment and questioning the sustainability of this mindset as economic conditions change [5][26]. Group 1: Economic Growth and Individual Efforts - From 1978 to 2022, China's GDP grew at an average rate of approximately 9.5%, with urban residents' disposable income increasing from 343 yuan to 49,283 yuan, a growth of over 140 times [8]. - The real estate market saw significant price increases, with the average price per square meter of commercial housing rising from about 2,112 yuan in 2000 to 9,860 yuan in 2020 [8]. - In 2019, housing assets accounted for 59.1% of urban residents' total assets, significantly higher than the 24.8% in the United States, indicating that home buying is a core method of wealth accumulation [8]. Group 2: The Role of the Internet Industry - The rise of the internet industry post-2010 created numerous success stories, with companies like Tencent and Baidu rewarding employees with substantial bonuses, reflecting the potential for individual success through hard work [10][12]. - The perception that hard work can lead to significant rewards has driven many young people to adopt a competitive mindset, viewing "involution" as a rational strategy [9][14]. Group 3: Education and Career Choices - The article emphasizes the need for a diversified education system to alleviate societal pressures regarding career success and to shift the focus from academic credentials to skill-based training [16][18]. - In Germany, a stable middle class and a strong vocational education system allow students to choose paths that align with their interests and job market needs, reducing the stigma associated with technical careers [19][20]. Group 4: Societal Perspectives and Future Outlook - The article notes that many young people still believe in traditional success narratives, such as "education changes destiny," with 52% feeling compelled to compete due to societal pressures [24]. - The notion of "involution" is seen as a product of economic growth, but the article argues that true societal progress will come when individuals are allowed to slow down and redefine success beyond mere competition [26][27].