亚洲生产了全球75%的芯片

Group 1 - The article highlights that geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainties are driving Asian semiconductor companies to diversify their regional layouts, with Asia expected to maintain its leading position in global semiconductor manufacturing over the next five years due to cost advantages, a mature industrial ecosystem, and deep technical expertise [2] - According to Moody's report, Asia currently holds over 75% of global chip manufacturing capacity, covering logic chips, memory chips, and discrete, analog, optoelectronic, and sensor chips, as well as key materials supply chains [2] - The assembly, testing, and packaging market is primarily concentrated in North Asia, but Southeast Asia is steadily expanding its capacity, projected to account for about 24% of global capacity by 2032 [2] Group 2 - The semiconductor sector has become a crucial engine for export and manufacturing growth in Southeast Asia, with semiconductors accounting for 26% of Malaysia's total exports and 32% for the Philippines last year, while Vietnam's semiconductor export share has risen to approximately 6% in 2023 [3] - Southeast Asia is well-positioned to capitalize on the growing demand for semiconductors driven by artificial intelligence, high-performance computing, and 5G technology, although short-term risks exist due to potential U.S. tariffs that could undermine the region's attractiveness as an export base [3] - Despite the rise of South and Southeast Asian economies as backend hubs, technological gaps limit their ability to capture greater economic value, with the region's innovation ecosystem still underdeveloped outside of Singapore [3] Group 3 - The pandemic exposed the vulnerabilities of overly concentrated regional supply chains, while ongoing geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and China have heightened global attention on supply chain diversification [4] - Although the U.S. maintains a lead in semiconductor design, core intellectual property, and electronic design automation, actual manufacturing supply chains remain predominantly concentrated in Asia [4] - Asia's competitive advantages include lower costs, a highly integrated ecosystem, and skilled labor resources, with U.S. labor costs being approximately two to four times higher than those in Asia [4] Group 4 - Establishing a fully capable local supply chain outside of Asia would require an additional investment of $1 trillion, potentially leading to a 35% to 65% increase in chip prices, which would ultimately be passed on to consumers [4]