地缘经济论 | 第十章 产业创新：从国家竞争力看并行产业发展

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the concept of parallel industries in China and the U.S., highlighting their respective strengths and challenges, particularly in the context of geopolitical economic power and the need for China to enhance its domestic demand and international competitiveness in sectors like AI, platform economy, innovative pharmaceuticals, and commercial aerospace [3][5][10]. Summary by Sections 1. Parallel Industries and Geopolitical Economic Power - Parallel industries are defined as sectors where both China and the U.S. have their strengths and are developing concurrently, such as AI, platform economy, innovative pharmaceuticals, and commercial aerospace [3][5]. - From a geopolitical economic perspective, competition in these industries is not just about business rivalry but also about enhancing national economic power [10]. 2. Challenges Facing China's Parallel Industries - China's parallel industries face challenges including weak domestic demand, limited external market expansion, significant financing constraints, and a need to improve its influence over technical standards [3][10]. - The primary contradiction is insufficient demand, necessitating strategies to expand market demand, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises [3][10]. 3. Sector-Specific Analysis AI - AI is viewed as a critical technology for national competitiveness, with significant potential to enhance productivity [11]. - The U.S. has established a strong military application for AI, emphasizing the need to maintain leadership in this field [11]. Platform Economy - The platform economy is crucial in the digital age, influencing information dissemination and resource allocation [12]. - Chinese platforms like Alipay and WeChat are leading domestically but face challenges in international expansion due to reliance on the SWIFT system [12]. Innovative Pharmaceuticals - The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the strategic value of pharmaceutical innovation, with countries that control vaccines and treatments gaining significant geopolitical power [13]. - China's pharmaceutical market is growing, but it still lags behind the U.S. in terms of innovation and market share [23]. Commercial Aerospace - The rise of commercial aerospace has lowered entry barriers, allowing private companies to participate in satellite manufacturing and launching [14]. - The global space economy is projected to reach $1.8 trillion by 2035, with significant military applications [14]. 4. Demand-Side Challenges - Insufficient demand is a key constraint on the development of China's parallel industries, with factors such as market saturation and low payment willingness among consumers [31][33]. - The platform economy faces user saturation, while commercial aerospace relies heavily on public sector orders, limiting private sector growth [33][34]. 5. Supply-Side Issues - The lack of vibrant capital markets and insufficient technical standard influence are significant challenges for innovation in parallel industries [52][53]. - The number of new unicorns in sectors like AI and innovative pharmaceuticals has declined, indicating reduced market vitality [55].