首次使用司美格鲁肽等GLP-1类药物，你都需要注意些什么？

Core Points - The article discusses the usage guidelines and considerations for Semaglutide and other GLP-1 receptor agonists, emphasizing the importance of proper administration, dietary adjustments, and monitoring for side effects [2][4][5][6][7]. Administration Guidelines - Semaglutide should start at a low dose of 0.25 mg weekly, gradually increasing as per medical advice, with a maximum single injection not exceeding 1 mg [2]. - The oral form of Semaglutide should be taken before breakfast with no more than 120 ml of water, and patients should wait at least 30 minutes before consuming food or other medications [2][6]. - For the injectable form, recommended sites include the abdomen, outer thigh, and upper arm, using a new sterile needle for each injection [4]. Storage Conditions - The oral formulation is more flexible in storage and does not require refrigeration, while unopened injectable Semaglutide must be stored in a refrigerator (2°C-8°C) and can be kept at room temperature for up to 6 weeks after first use [4]. Monitoring and Side Effects - Regular blood sugar monitoring is essential during Semaglutide use, with necessary dose adjustments made under medical supervision [5]. - Gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur, particularly in the initial treatment phase, but often lessen over time [5]. Dietary Considerations - Users of Semaglutide should focus on nutrient-dense foods, ensuring adequate intake of quality proteins, fibers, and vitamins to mitigate potential nutrient deficiencies due to reduced food intake [9][10]. - A balanced meal plate should include 85-113g of protein, 170g of non-starchy vegetables, and 85g of starch, with recommendations for protein shakes if balanced meals are challenging [10]. Foods to Avoid - High-fat foods, especially fried and heavily oily dishes, should be avoided as they can exacerbate gastrointestinal discomfort [12]. - Foods high in trans fats and saturated fats, such as full-fat dairy and red meats, can worsen gastrointestinal issues and affect drug efficacy [12]. - High-sugar foods and refined carbohydrates should be strictly limited to prevent blood sugar spikes, particularly for diabetic patients [14]. Positive Health Outcomes - Research indicates that all body composition changes from Semaglutide use are beneficial, contributing to heart metabolic health, with reductions in visceral fat and improvements in liver density observed in weight loss groups [17].