诺奖点燃多个千亿市场，辉瑞、阿斯利康都在下注

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to American scientists Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Japanese immunologist Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance, specifically the role of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in immune system regulation [2][3]. Group 1: Research and Findings - The key discovery by the awardees is the identification of a gene locus (Foxp3) that controls a type of cell (Treg cells) capable of breaking immune tolerance, leading to autoimmune and inflammatory issues [7][12]. - The research highlights the importance of maintaining a balance in the immune system, as an overly aggressive immune response can lead to autoimmune diseases [6][7]. - Treg cells are now recognized not only for their role in immune suppression but also for their potential in treating various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer [9][11]. Group 2: Market Potential - Treg cell-related therapies are projected to exceed $250 million by 2031, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 44% from 2024 to 2031 [9]. - The autoimmune drug market is significant, with a global market size exceeding $100 billion, expected to reach $176.7 billion by 2030 [11][12]. - The recognition of Treg cell research by the Nobel Prize is anticipated to accelerate investment and research in this area, potentially leading to new treatment paradigms [12]. Group 3: Clinical Applications and Challenges - Clinical trials involving Treg cell therapies are already underway, with 234 studies registered, primarily in North America [9]. - There are promising case studies, such as a patient with ALS showing improvement after Treg cell treatment, indicating potential new paradigms in treating neurodegenerative diseases [11]. - Despite the potential, challenges remain, including the need for precise targeting of Treg cells and issues related to stability and toxicity [12].