运动还能遗传？南京大学张辰宇/陈熹等揭开运动能力的遗传密码：父亲爱运动，竟能促进孩子的耐力和代谢健康

Core Insights - The article discusses the emerging evidence that parental lifestyle, particularly exercise habits, can influence the health characteristics of their offspring in a non-DNA manner, suggesting that the benefits of exercise may be "written" into the life scripts of future generations [2][9]. Research Findings - A study published in Cell Metabolism reveals that sperm microRNAs can serve as carriers of epigenetic information, transmitting "exercise capacity and metabolic health" from exercising fathers to their offspring, providing direct molecular evidence for the hypothesis that "exercise can be inherited" [3][11]. - The research team established a long-term endurance exercise model in mice, showing that exercise significantly reshaped the expression profile of sperm microRNAs, with several related to mitochondrial metabolism, muscle development, and energy utilization being significantly upregulated [6][11]. - Offspring of exercising male mice exhibited enhanced endurance and metabolic health in adulthood, with increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity and a higher proportion of oxidative muscle fibers, indicating that paternal exercise initiates a "reprogramming" of gene expression networks in the offspring at fertilization [6][11]. Mechanistic Insights - To validate the causal role of this "RNA inheritance" mechanism, the research team injected sperm microRNAs from exercising and non-exercising male mice into normal fertilized eggs, demonstrating that only the offspring from the exercising group exhibited enhanced endurance and metabolic traits without altering DNA sequences [7][11]. - The study identifies that exercise training and overexpression of muscle PGC-1α reshape sperm microRNAs, which directly inhibit the function of the nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 (NCoR1) during early embryonic development, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism [7][11]. Implications - The findings establish a causal relationship between paternal exercise, sperm microRNAs, and embryonic NCoR1 in the transgenerational transmission of exercise-induced phenotypes and metabolic adaptations, expanding the understanding of how lifestyle influences future generations [11][12]. - This research not only provides molecular evidence for how lifestyle can affect the next generation but also opens new avenues for developing intergenerational health promotion strategies based on exercise-induced epigenetic reprogramming [11][12].