2025年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓！三位美国科学家获奖

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three American scientists: John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis for their discoveries related to macroscopic quantum tunneling effects and energy quantization in circuits [2][4]. Recent Nobel Prize Winners in Physics - In 2024, John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton were recognized for their foundational discoveries and inventions in machine learning using artificial neural networks [7]. - In 2023, Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L'Huillier were awarded for their contributions to generating attosecond light pulses to study electron dynamics in matter [11]. - The 2022 prize went to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger for their work on entangled photons and quantum information science [14]. - In 2021, Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi were honored for their pioneering contributions to understanding complex physical systems [15]. - The 2020 prize was split between Roger Penrose for proving black hole formation and Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for discovering supermassive dense objects at the center of the Milky Way [18]. Notable Chinese Nobel Prize Winners in Physics - In 1956, Chen-Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee were awarded for their proposal of parity violation [22]. - In 1976, Samuel Ting received the prize for discovering the J particle [23]. - In 1997, Steven Chu was recognized for his invention of methods for cooling and trapping atoms with lasers [24]. - In 1998, Robert C. Richardson was awarded for explaining the phenomenon of electronic quantum fluids [25]. - In 2009, Charles K. Kao was honored for breakthroughs in optical communication through fiber optics [26].