2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖终极预测——GLP-1，CAR-T、cGAS、光遗传，还是相分离？

Group 1 - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine will be announced on October 6, 2025, with a focus on significant discoveries in the field [2] - The article predicts five major candidates for this year's award, with GLP-1 discovery and related drug development being a prominent contender [3][4] - GLP-1 drugs, such as semaglutide, have shown effectiveness in managing diabetes, obesity, and other health conditions, marking a significant advancement in weight management [4][9] Group 2 - CAR-T cell therapy, a groundbreaking cancer treatment utilizing genetically modified T cells, has gained FDA approval for multiple therapies since 2017 [10][11] - Key figures in CAR-T research, including Carl June, Michel Sadelain, and Steven Rosenberg, are likely candidates for the Nobel Prize due to their contributions to the field [12] Group 3 - The cGAS-STING pathway, discovered by Chinese scientist Zhijian James Chen, has been recognized with multiple prestigious awards, making him a strong candidate for the Nobel Prize [14][15][20] - Chen's work elucidates how DNA triggers immune responses, which is crucial for understanding various diseases [16][18] Group 4 - Optogenetics, a technique developed by Karl Deisseroth, allows precise control of neuronal activity using light, revolutionizing neuroscience research [21][26] - Deisseroth, along with other contributors like Peter Hegemann and Gero Miesenböck, is a likely recipient of the Nobel Prize for their foundational work in this area [23][29] Group 5 - The phenomenon of phase separation in biological molecules is gaining attention, with recent awards recognizing its significance in cellular organization and function [30][32] - Key researchers in this field, including Anthony Hyman and Clifford Brangwynne, have made substantial contributions that could lead to a Nobel Prize recognition [30][34]