2025年诺贝尔化学奖揭晓！三位科学家因对金属有机框架的发展获奖

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar Yaghi [4] - The 2025 Nobel Prizes in the three scientific categories have been announced, with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and 坂口志文 for their discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance [6] Group 1: Historical Context - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 116 times since its inception in 1901, with Jacobus van 't Hoff being the first recipient for his work on chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure [3] - John Goodenough is noted as the oldest laureate at 97 years old when he received the award in 2019 for his research on lithium batteries, while Frédéric Joliot was the youngest at 35 years old when he won in 1935 for synthesizing new radioactive elements [3] Group 2: Notable Achievements - The Nobel Prize website highlights three significant achievements in chemistry that have changed human life: - The mapping of molecular structures by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, which facilitated the production of penicillin, awarded in 1964 [11] - The discovery of how plants convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates by Melvin Calvin, awarded in 1961 [11] - The directed evolution of enzymes by Frances Arnold, which has applications in environmentally friendly chemical manufacturing, awarded in 2018 [12] Group 3: Recent Winners - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2024 was awarded to David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper for their contributions to protein design and structure prediction [16] - The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Aleksey Yekimov for their discovery and synthesis of quantum dots [17] - The 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan for their development of asymmetric organic catalysis [20] - The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna for their development of a genome editing method [23] - The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and 吉野彰 for their development of lithium-ion batteries [26] - The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Frances H. Arnold, George P. Smith, and Sir Gregory P. Winter for their contributions to enzyme directed evolution and phage display technology [28]