让北川进等获化学诺奖的「金属有机框架结构」是什么？

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant advancements and applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in various industries, particularly in carbon capture and storage, which are crucial for decarbonization efforts [4][5][6]. Group 1: Nobel Prize Announcement - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Professor Shinichi Nakagawa from Kyoto University and two other scientists for their pioneering work on MOF materials, which have important implications for decarbonization, drug development, and chemistry [5][6]. - This award increases the number of Japanese Nobel laureates in the natural sciences to 27, marking a notable achievement for Japan in the scientific community [5]. Group 2: MOF Technology and Applications - MOFs are characterized by their high efficiency in separating, recovering, and storing gases, with a specific surface area comparable to a football field per gram, making them suitable for various applications, including food preservation and semiconductor manufacturing [5][6]. - The potential for MOFs to capture and separate carbon dioxide from industrial emissions or air could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, although current separation methods are costly [6][7]. - MOFs can be designed to allow target substances to enter their micropores naturally, which is expected to lead to low-cost and high-efficiency separation and recovery processes [6][7]. Group 3: Research and Development - Professor Nakagawa's research began in 1989, leading to the discovery of porous materials formed by metal-organic complexes, which sparked global interest in MOF technology [6]. - The other awardees, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi, contributed to the development of MOFs by enhancing their structural stability and expanding their industrial applications [6][7]. - MOFs have broad industrial applications, including hydrogen and natural gas storage, improving efficiency in energy-intensive chemical industries, and serving as tools for analyzing biological molecules in food and drug development [7].