Nature子刊：同济大学戈宝学团队等揭示结核杆菌通过增强Treg细胞抑制功能，促进自身存活

Core Viewpoint - The recent research reveals that Mycobacterium tuberculosis actively secretes linoleic acid to manipulate host immune responses, enhancing regulatory T cell (Treg) function and promoting bacterial survival within macrophages, thus providing new targets for tuberculosis treatment [3][6][10]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in Nature Microbiology identifies a novel mechanism by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses linoleic acid to upregulate CTLA-4 expression in Treg cells, thereby suppressing the host's anti-tuberculosis immune response [3][6]. - The research demonstrates that the bacterium is not merely evading the immune system but is actively creating a favorable intracellular environment for its survival by secreting specific metabolites [6][10]. - Increased levels of cytoplasmic calcium ions in Treg cells, triggered by linoleic acid, lead to enhanced CTLA-4 expression, which further inhibits immune responses, allowing the bacteria to persist within macrophages [7][8]. Group 2: Implications for Treatment - The findings suggest that targeting the mechanisms involving Rv1272c, linoleic acid, ATP2a3, and CTLA-4 could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis [10]. - This research opens up new avenues for designing drugs that can disrupt the immune suppression caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, potentially improving treatment outcomes for tuberculosis patients [10].