Cell子刊：毕楠/崔明/葛红等人揭示肠道菌群可预测肺癌巩固免疫治疗效果及放化疗毒性

Core Insights - The study indicates that gut microbiota can predict the efficacy of consolidation immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients [3][9] - The research highlights the dynamic changes in gut microbiota during treatment and its correlation with progression-free survival (PFS) and treatment-related lung toxicity [5][6] Group 1: Research Findings - The research team utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to track the dynamic changes in gut microbiota of stage III lung cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and consolidation immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) [5] - In traditional CRT, the composition of gut microbiota remained unaffected, whereas in CRT combined with ICI, patients with longer PFS exhibited higher baseline gut microbiota diversity, which decreased during treatment [6][9] - The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) increased post-chemoradiotherapy, correlating with extended distant metastasis-free survival in patients receiving CRT combined with ICI [6][10] Group 2: Clinical Implications - The study suggests that the overall clinical benefit of CRT combined with ICI is significantly greater compared to CRT alone for locally advanced lung cancer patients [9] - The dynamic changes in Akkermansia muciniphila serve as a potential prognostic indicator for patient survival outcomes [10] - Distinct gut microbiota characteristics were observed in patients who developed severe lung toxicity post-treatment, indicating a possible predictive marker for treatment-related pneumonia [6][10]