桩数全球第一的中国，还在“叫号充电”

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolving anxieties of electric vehicle (EV) owners, particularly focusing on the "charging anxiety" experienced during peak travel times, such as holidays, despite significant advancements in charging infrastructure in China [4][7][10]. Infrastructure and Demand - As of August 2025, China has 17.348 million electric vehicle charging points, a 53.5% increase year-on-year, with public charging facilities reaching 4.316 million, up 37.8% [10][11]. - The coverage rate of charging points in highway service areas reached 98% by the end of 2024, indicating a robust infrastructure [10]. - Despite the high number of charging points, the average ratio of EVs to charging points is approximately 2.5:1, which suggests a sufficient supply under normal conditions [10][11]. Holiday Charging Demand - During the 2025 National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival, there were 5.169 million charging sessions, with a total charging volume of 12.28732 million kWh, marking a 2.59 times increase compared to regular days [13]. - The proportion of EVs in daily traffic during the holiday reached 20%, a 30% increase from the previous year, leading to a surge in charging demand [13][15]. Supply-Demand Imbalance - The number of charging points in highway service areas is only 66,000, which is insufficient to meet the needs of 12.4 million EVs, resulting in a staggering ratio of 186:1 [15]. - The average utilization rate of highway charging points is only 5.44%, indicating a significant mismatch between peak demand and everyday usage [20][23]. Operational Challenges - The high demand during holidays leads to average waiting times of 1.5 hours for charging, compared to just 15 minutes for traditional fuel vehicles [20]. - The operational model of charging stations faces challenges due to the "tidal" usage pattern, where demand spikes during holidays but remains low during regular days, complicating investment and profitability [20][23]. Technical and Infrastructure Issues - Many existing service areas were designed for traditional fuel needs, limiting their capacity to support high-power charging stations [24]. - The cost of upgrading electrical infrastructure to support high-capacity charging is significant, often requiring extensive modifications [24][26]. Solutions and Innovations - Short-term measures such as "number calling" systems and charging efficiency improvements have been implemented to alleviate congestion [28][30]. - The government plans to build over 100,000 high-power charging stations by the end of 2027, aiming to reduce charging times significantly [31][33]. - The article highlights the potential of battery swapping technology as a viable solution for long-distance travel, with NIO providing over 1.9 million battery swap services during the holiday [35]. Conclusion - The article emphasizes the need for a multi-faceted approach to address the charging infrastructure challenges, including technological advancements, policy support, and consumer education to fully realize the potential of electric vehicles in transforming transportation [35][39].