张亚勤院士：AI五大新趋势，物理智能快速演进，2035年机器人数量或比人多

Core Insights - The rapid development of the AI industry is accelerating iterations across various sectors, presenting significant industrial opportunities [3] - The scale of the AI industry is projected to be at least 100 times larger than the previous generation, indicating substantial growth potential [5] Group 1: Trends in AI Development - The first major trend is the transition from discriminative AI to generative AI, now evolving towards agent-based AI, with task lengths doubling and accuracy exceeding 50% in the past seven months [7] - The second trend indicates a slowdown in the scaling law during the pre-training phase, with more focus shifting to post-training stages like reasoning and agent applications, while reasoning costs have decreased by 10 times [7] - The third trend highlights the rapid advancement of physical and biological intelligence, particularly in the intelligent driving sector, with expectations for 10% of vehicles to have L4 capabilities by 2030 [7] Group 2: AI Risks and Industry Structure - The emergence of agent-based AI has significantly increased AI risks, necessitating greater attention from global enterprises and governments [8] - The fifth trend reveals a new industrial structure characterized by foundational large models, vertical models, and edge models, with expectations for 8-10 foundational large models globally by 2026, including 3-4 from China and the same from the U.S. [8] - The future is anticipated to favor open-source models, with a projected ratio of 4:1 between open-source and closed-source models [8]