世界首例！我国学者成功将基因编辑猪肝脏移植到活人体内，患者存活近半年

Core Viewpoint - Recent breakthroughs in xenotransplantation using genetically edited pig organs have sparked global interest in addressing the shortage of human organ transplants [2][3][4]. Group 1: Milestones in Xenotransplantation - In October 2021, NYU Langone Medical Center performed the first successful transplant of a genetically edited pig kidney into a brain-dead woman [2]. - In January 2022, the University of Maryland conducted the first live transplant of a genetically edited pig heart, with the patient surviving for approximately two months [2]. - On March 27, 2025, Chinese scientists published the first case of a genetically edited pig liver transplant into a brain-dead human, with the liver functioning for 10 days without rejection [3]. - On October 8, 2025, the first live transplant of a genetically edited pig liver was successfully performed, with the patient surviving for 171 days, setting a new record [4][5]. Group 2: Technical Aspects of the Research - The genetically edited pig liver used in the transplant underwent rigorous pathogen screening and was modified at 10 genetic sites to prevent rejection [5]. - Key genes were knocked out to prevent acute rejection, while human genes were introduced to enhance immune compatibility [5]. - The patient had a significant liver tumor and was initially deemed unsuitable for surgical removal, making the pig liver a critical transitional therapy [5]. Group 3: Post-Transplant Outcomes - In the first 31 days post-transplant, the patient did not experience acute rejection or severe complications, and liver and kidney functions remained stable [6]. - However, on day 38, the patient developed thrombotic microangiopathy (xTMA), leading to the removal of the pig liver [6]. - Despite successful management of xTMA, the patient ultimately passed away on day 171 due to recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding [6][9]. Group 4: Implications for Future Research - The study demonstrates the feasibility of using pig livers as transitional support for patients with unresectable liver cancer or liver failure [9]. - It highlights the need for further research to improve outcomes in xenotransplantation, particularly regarding xTMA [6][9].