司美格鲁肽，实际上只是模仿了身体内置的减肥机制

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emergence and effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a dual solution for obesity and diabetes, highlighting their mechanisms, clinical trial results, and future prospects in weight management and glycemic control [4][6][18]. Summary by Sections Introduction to Obesity and Diabetes - Obesity is a common comorbidity in diabetes, worsening insulin resistance and complicating blood sugar control. Traditional diabetes medications often lead to weight gain, creating a vicious cycle. The introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists offers a potential solution to address both obesity and diabetes simultaneously [4]. What are GLP-1 Receptor Agonists? - GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) is an incretin hormone that promotes insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, and delays gastric emptying, contributing to blood sugar control and appetite suppression. However, reduced GLP-1 secretion and action are observed in both diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients [6][7]. Efficacy of Liraglutide - Liraglutide, approved by the FDA in 2009 for type 2 diabetes under the brand name Victoza®, has shown significant weight loss effects in clinical trials. In a study with 564 participants, those receiving liraglutide lost between 4.8 kg to 7.2 kg compared to 2.8 kg and 4.1 kg in placebo and orlistat groups, respectively [9][10]. Over a year, liraglutide users lost an additional 5.8 kg compared to placebo [11]. By 2014, liraglutide was also approved for weight management under the brand name Saxenda® [12]. Emergence of Semaglutide - Semaglutide, introduced in 2017 under the brand name Ozempic®, requires weekly injections and has demonstrated superior weight loss results. In the STEP trials, semaglutide users lost an average of 15% of their body weight, significantly outperforming placebo groups [13][15]. The STEP 1 trial showed a 14.9% weight reduction, with over one-third of participants losing more than 20% of their weight [15]. The FDA approved semaglutide for obesity management in June 2021, marking it as the first new drug for obesity since 2014 [17]. Future Prospects - Oral formulations of semaglutide are being explored, primarily for type 2 diabetes treatment, with ongoing studies demonstrating its efficacy in weight loss and metabolic regulation. The PIONEER trials showed significant reductions in HbA1c and body weight among participants [20][21]. The potential for oral administration may provide an alternative for patients averse to injections [18]. Conclusion - The article emphasizes the importance of lifestyle changes alongside medication for effective weight management, underscoring that pharmacotherapy should complement healthy living rather than replace it [21].