Nature：华人学者首次证实，新冠mRNA疫苗增强癌症免疫疗法，显著延长癌症患者生存期

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the potential of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines as broad-spectrum immune activators that can sensitize tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), significantly improving survival rates in advanced cancer patients [4][10]. Group 1: Impact of mRNA Vaccines on Cancer Treatment - Recent studies indicate that systemic administration of high-immunogenic mRNA nanoparticles can reset the immune microenvironment, making resistant tumors sensitive to ICIs [2]. - The research from MD Anderson Cancer Center shows that advanced cancer patients who received the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine within 100 days before starting ICI treatment had significantly extended overall survival [8]. - Specifically, the median survival for non-small cell lung cancer patients increased from 20.6 months to 37.3 months, and for metastatic melanoma patients, it rose from 26.7 months to over 36 months [8]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - The study found that the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine significantly increased type I interferon (IFN-I) levels and activated antigen-presenting cells, which in turn stimulated CD8+ T cells to combat tumors [10][12]. - The vaccine also enhanced PD-L1 protein expression in tumors and promoted T lymphocyte activation within the tumor microenvironment [10]. Group 3: Clinical Implications - The findings suggest that clinically available mRNA vaccines targeting non-tumor-associated antigens can serve as powerful immune modulators, making tumors sensitive to ICIs [12]. - The combination of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines with ICIs can maintain T cell responses, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and improving cancer patient survival rates [12].