生物制造，“十五五规划”未来10年, 中国如何再造一个高技术产业？

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of biomanufacturing as a key emerging industry in China's 14th Five-Year Plan, highlighting its potential to transform manufacturing, promote sustainability, and attract substantial capital investment [2][4][5]. Group 1: Importance of Biomanufacturing - Biomanufacturing is crucial for China's manufacturing transformation, serving as a new form of productive force that can empower various manufacturing sectors [4]. - It represents a sustainable and low-carbon industry direction, addressing China's deficiencies in oil and arable land [4]. - The biomanufacturing sector has the potential to become a massive new industry, with the U.S. planning a $30 trillion biomanufacturing market, equivalent to recreating the U.S. economy [5][6]. - This sector is expected to absorb vast amounts of capital, becoming a significant funding pool following the real estate bubble burst [5]. Group 2: Strategic Importance and Global Competition - Biomanufacturing is strategically as important as chip manufacturing, with projections indicating it could account for one-third of global manufacturing output by the end of the century [6]. - Countries are actively positioning themselves in biomanufacturing to avoid falling behind in future industrial competition [6]. - The U.S. has set a goal to replace 90% of traditional plastics with bio-based products within 20 years, while the EU plans to implement a carbon border adjustment mechanism by 2027, creating new trade barriers for high-carbon products from China [6][7]. Group 3: Challenges and Development Strategies - Despite holding 70% of global fermentation capacity, China's biomanufacturing industry faces challenges such as a lack of proprietary strains and limitations in core software tools [8]. - Mastering foundational technologies is critical for the development of China's biomanufacturing sector over the next decade [9]. - Key strategies include establishing high-level research platforms, promoting collaborative innovation between academia and industry, and enhancing market mechanisms to give enterprises a more significant role in research direction [9]. - There is a call for top-level design to focus on cutting-edge areas like CO2 bioconversion and future food manufacturing, aiming to address both green chemical alternatives and protein supply security [9].