量子位·2025-10-25 08:30Core Insights - IBM has made significant progress in the commercialization of quantum computing by successfully running a key quantum error correction algorithm on existing AMD chips, achieving a speed that is ten times faster than required [2][4] - This breakthrough allows quantum error correction to be implemented without the need for expensive GPU clusters, utilizing FPGA chips instead, which enhances scalability and cost-effectiveness [2][4] Company Impact - Following the announcement, AMD's stock price rose by 7.63%, increasing its market capitalization by $29 billion to $410 billion, which is approximately 1/11th of Nvidia's market cap [5] - IBM also experienced a market cap increase of $20.9 billion, bringing its total to $286.4 billion [7] Quantum Computing Challenges - The algorithm addresses one of the core challenges in quantum computing: the fragility and high error rates of quantum bits (qubits) [10] - Quantum bits are highly unstable and can lose their quantum properties due to environmental factors, a process known as "decoherence" [11][12] Quantum Error Correction Mechanism - To overcome the challenges of qubit instability, quantum error correction codes (QECC) are employed, which use multiple unstable physical qubits to encode a stable logical qubit [14] - The process involves auxiliary qubits performing "ancillary measurements" to detect errors without destroying the quantum information encoded in the logical qubit [15] - The measurement results are sent to a classical processor that runs a decoding algorithm to identify and correct errors, which must be completed within tens of microseconds to prevent loss of quantum information [16][17] FPGA Advantage - The use of FPGA chips is crucial as they can respond in nanoseconds, making them thousands of times faster than traditional software decoding methods [18] - IBM's original plan to develop the Starling quantum computer by 2029 has been accelerated to 2028 due to this breakthrough [19]