Nature旗下子刊引爆热议：减肥潮流下，主食迎来新机遇！上海交通大学贾伟平团队重磅发布“肠道菌群联动代谢组”新突破

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a recent study published in Nature Metabolism by a team from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, which demonstrates that resistant starch (RS) can significantly aid overweight or obese individuals in weight loss and metabolic health improvement through its effects on gut microbiota and metabolism [6][8]. Group 1: Research Highlights - The study integrates multi-omics analysis, combining microbiome and metabolomics data to comprehensively assess the impact of resistant starch on gut microbiota structure and human metabolism [6]. - An innovative clinical trial design was employed, utilizing a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover approach, which effectively reduced confounding variables and enhanced the reliability of results [6]. - The research reveals that resistant starch influences multiple pathways, including bile acid metabolism, inflammation reduction, gut barrier repair, and lipid absorption inhibition, providing a new theoretical basis for future obesity prevention and treatment strategies [6][8]. Group 2: Clinical Trial Details - The study included participants aged 18 to 55 years who were overweight or obese, defined as BMI ≥ 24 kg/m² or waist circumference ≥ 85 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women. Exclusion criteria included acute diseases, recent antibiotic or probiotic use, and certain metabolic disorders [9]. - The trial involved 37 overweight or obese participants over an 8-week intervention period, with a 4-week washout phase between treatments. Results indicated that resistant starch effectively reduced weight, fat mass, and waist circumference while improving insulin sensitivity [11]. Group 3: Mechanisms and Findings - Resistant starch supplementation led to an increase in beneficial gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium species, enhancing gut barrier function and reducing inflammation levels [11][13]. - The study found that Bifidobacterium adolescentis was highly correlated with reductions in BMI, waist circumference, and other metabolic markers, suggesting its critical role in alleviating obesity [14]. - Animal studies demonstrated that gut microbiota from resistant starch-fed humans could reduce obesity and improve glucose metabolism in mice, indicating the potential of RS to reshape gut microbiota for weight management [16]. Group 4: Inflammatory Response and Gut Barrier - The RS-induced gut microbiota significantly lowered systemic inflammation markers in mice, with reductions in MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6, while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels [18]. - The study showed that RS improved gut barrier integrity, reducing the permeability to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and thereby alleviating obesity-related chronic inflammation [19]. Group 5: Role of B. adolescentis - The proliferation of B. adolescentis due to RS was linked to a decrease in abdominal obesity, with active B. adolescentis enhancing the expression of ANGPTL4, which mitigated weight gain and fat accumulation in mice [21]. - Metabolomic analysis indicated that B. adolescentis treatment led to a decrease in primary bile acids and an increase in secondary bile acids, contributing to improved metabolic profiles [21].