免疫治疗新突破：改写1型糖尿病治疗史

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a significant medical breakthrough with the FDA approval of the first innovative drug, Tzield (teplizumab), for delaying the onset of Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM), marking a new phase in diabetes treatment in China [4]. Group 1: Medical Breakthrough - The first prescriptions for Tzield were successfully issued at the Boao Future Hospital, indicating a milestone in diabetes management [4]. - The drug is designed to delay the onset of T1DM, providing hope for patients and families affected by this autoimmune disease [6]. Group 2: Early Screening and Monitoring - Early screening is crucial for high-risk individuals, particularly those with a family history of T1DM, as they are 15 times more likely to develop the disease compared to the general population [8]. - The latest guidelines recommend systematic screening for first-degree relatives of T1DM patients aged 1-45, emphasizing the importance of islet autoantibody (IAb) testing as a reliable predictive indicator [8][9]. - Regular blood glucose monitoring, including Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), is essential for assessing glucose metabolism and disease progression [9]. Group 3: Intervention Strategies - The progression of T1DM can be delayed through timely interventions, with studies showing that 44% of stage 1 and 75% of stage 2 patients progress to stage 3 within five years [10]. - Establishing a structured follow-up system can significantly reduce the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) by over 50% and extend the intervention window for high-risk groups [10]. - The use of CD3-targeted drug Tzield can preserve beta cell function and delay disease onset by nearly three years for stage 2 patients [10]. Group 4: Conclusion - A standardized early screening and dynamic monitoring system is essential for extending the intervention window for T1DM, ultimately improving long-term outcomes for patients [11].