揭秘大脑发育中神经回路如何正确连接，中国学者获国际神经生物学奖，将回国加入西湖大学

Core Insights - The article highlights the significance of neurobiology research in enhancing human understanding of brain and nervous system functions, indicating that breakthroughs in this field are expected in the coming decades [2][4]. Group 1: Award Announcement - The Eppendorf & Science Neurobiology Prize for 2025 has been awarded to Dr. Lü Cheng, marking the second time this award has been given to a Chinese scholar since its establishment in 2002 [4][7]. Group 2: Research Contributions - Dr. Lü Cheng's award-winning research focuses on the assembly of brain neural circuits, particularly in fruit flies, and includes a study published in Science that reveals how olfactory circuits simplify synaptic partner matching through a "dimensionality reduction" strategy [9][21]. - The research demonstrates that the olfactory circuit in fruit flies reduces the complexity of synaptic pairing from three-dimensional space to a one-dimensional linear search, providing key evidence for universal principles in neural circuit development [9][21]. Group 3: Methodology and Findings - The research team developed a technique to specifically label different types of neurons, allowing them to track individual neuron changes throughout development, revealing that all neurons initially extend their dendrites to the surface of the antennal lobe [14][15]. - Each type of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) follows a specific arc-like trajectory on the surface, ensuring that they only search for their correct synaptic partners in a defined area, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of synaptic pairing [17][18]. - Genetic manipulation experiments confirmed that altering the ORN axon trajectories led to a significant decrease in pairing accuracy, validating the proposed model [20]. Group 4: Broader Implications - The findings extend beyond the fruit fly olfactory system, offering insights into the fundamental principles of neural system development and how the brain constructs complex functions [21]. - The "dimensionality reduction" strategy identified in the research may serve as a universal approach in nature for solving complex problems by simplifying decision-making processes, enhancing system robustness and accuracy [22].