36氪·2025-11-03 09:34Core Viewpoint - Solid-state batteries are considered the ultimate form of power batteries due to their high thermal stability and potential for long-range and safety, but they face significant challenges in technology, manufacturing, and cost that hinder large-scale production in the short term [4][8][27]. Summary by Sections Recent Developments - Several second- and third-tier battery manufacturers, along with automakers like Chery, have announced advancements in solid-state battery research, indicating a potential for mass production [5][7]. - On October 23, XINWANDA unveiled its solid-state battery "XIN·BIXIAO" with an energy density of 400 Wh/kg, compared to 200-250 Wh/kg for mainstream lithium iron phosphate batteries and 250-300 Wh/kg for ternary lithium batteries [5][6]. - Chery showcased its self-developed "Rhino S" all-solid-state battery module with an energy density of 600 Wh/kg, promising a range of 1200-1300 km, with plans for mass production by 2027 [7]. Industry Challenges - Despite the excitement, industry leaders like CATL have stated that solid-state batteries will not achieve small-scale production until 2027 and large-scale production until 2030 [9]. - Technical challenges include poor ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes and high interfacial resistance, which complicate large-scale production [10][11]. Material and Manufacturing Issues - The choice of materials for solid-state batteries is contentious, with current trends favoring sulfide electrolytes due to their high ionic conductivity, despite their sensitivity to moisture and complex manufacturing processes [15][16][17]. - The negative electrode materials are also not mature, with silicon-carbon composites being used, which can lead to reduced cycle life due to expansion during lithium-ion intercalation [22]. Cost and Commercial Viability - The cost of solid-state batteries is currently 5-10 times higher than that of liquid batteries, making it difficult for both automakers and consumers to adopt them [24]. - The significant changes required in manufacturing processes and equipment for solid-state batteries pose additional barriers to entry for many companies [23]. Market Dynamics - The push for solid-state batteries is driven by second- and third-tier manufacturers seeking to disrupt the market dominated by CATL, while automakers hope to gain leverage in negotiations [26]. - Recent incidents of electric vehicle fires have heightened consumer interest in safer battery technologies, further fueling the demand for solid-state batteries [26].