司美格鲁肽片，如何突破多肽药物的口服易降解、难吸收？

Core Viewpoint - The successful development and market launch of oral semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, represents a significant breakthrough in overcoming the challenges associated with oral administration of peptide drugs, which are typically unstable in gastric acid and difficult to absorb in the intestine [5][9]. Group 1: Development and Innovation - The oral formulation of semaglutide has addressed multiple obstacles, including instability due to gastric acid and digestive enzymes, large molecular size affecting absorption, and individual variability in efficacy [5]. - The use of SNAC (sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate) has been pivotal in enhancing the solubility and absorption of the peptide, as well as protecting it from degradation [7]. - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies have established the optimal administration method and dosage, ensuring that the semaglutide tablet combined with 300 mg of SNAC achieves maximum bioavailability [7]. Group 2: Clinical Efficacy - The disintegration and absorption of the semaglutide tablet occur rapidly, with drug absorption observable approximately one hour after administration, leading to the onset of its long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist effects [9]. - Clinical studies have confirmed the titration method and clinical efficacy of semaglutide, showing that starting from a low dose and gradually increasing to an effective dose optimizes clinical outcomes [9]. - Research indicates that a 14 mg semaglutide tablet can significantly reduce HbA1c levels by approximately 2% and also contributes to weight loss [9]. Group 3: Industry Implications - The development of semaglutide tablets not only provides patients with a new and effective treatment option but also breaks down barriers for oral administration of peptide drugs, setting a new benchmark for the development of peptide-based medications [9]. - This innovation opens up new possibilities for the future development of more oral peptide drugs, potentially transforming the landscape of therapeutic options in the pharmaceutical industry [9].