欧盟成员被要求排除中兴、华为设备，中方回应

Core Views - The article discusses the increasing regulatory pressure on Huawei and ZTE in Europe, particularly in Germany, where there are moves to exclude these companies from telecommunications networks due to security concerns [2][3][7]. Regulatory Developments - The European Commission has urged member states to gradually exclude Huawei and ZTE from their telecom networks, citing security risks [2]. - Germany's Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) has expanded the definition of "critical" components to include the entire Radio Access Network (RAN), which could lead to stricter regulations against Huawei [7][8]. Huawei's Position - Huawei argues that the gNodeB, a component of the 5G network, should not be classified as part of the core network, claiming it does not control traffic or manage user profiles [3][4]. - Despite Huawei's claims, the perception of it as a "high-risk supplier" persists, and its influence in the European market remains significant, providing technology for about 25% of wireless access points in Europe [3][10]. Market Impact - Excluding Huawei from the German market could cost approximately €2.5 billion (around $2.9 billion), with Deutsche Telekom alone spending about €300 million (approximately $347 million) annually on its RAN [10]. - Deutsche Telekom and Vodafone are reportedly preparing for stricter regulations by introducing new RAN suppliers, indicating a shift away from reliance on Huawei [11]. Competitive Landscape - Huawei currently supplies about 60% of Germany's 5G base stations, with Ericsson and Nokia sharing the remaining market [10]. - The competitive dynamics are shifting as Deutsche Telekom plans to replace Huawei equipment with Nokia and Fujitsu products, while Vodafone has also introduced Samsung as a new supplier [11].