新材料产业发展之我见（42）——科技成果转化（上）

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the lack of standardized definitions and reliable data for measuring the "technology achievement transformation rate" in China, highlighting the need for a systematic approach to accurately assess this metric [5][6][9]. Summary by Sections Definition of Technology Achievement Transformation - The term "technology achievement transformation" is often misused and lacks a universally accepted definition, leading to confusion and misinterpretation in various contexts [5][6]. Issues with Current Measurement - There is no consensus on what constitutes "achievements" in technology, making it difficult to quantify transformation rates accurately. Different countries have varying definitions and measurement standards [6][7]. - The statistical boundaries for the "transformation" phase are unclear, with multiple theoretical perspectives leading to significant discrepancies in reported transformation rates [7][8]. - The absence of a long-term tracking mechanism complicates the accurate calculation of transformation rates, as the process requires sustained follow-up on research outcomes [8][9]. Recommendations for Improvement - Avoid generalizing the use of "technology achievement transformation rate" in macro policies to prevent misleading interpretations [9]. - Clearly define the specific meaning, statistical scope, and time frame if the metric is to be used in limited contexts [9]. - Establish a standardized framework for defining "achievements" and "transformation" to facilitate better data collection and analysis [9]. International Comparison and Practices - The article discusses the evolution of technology achievement transformation in the U.S., highlighting three main phases: support for small businesses in the 1930s-50s, defense-driven technological advancements in the 60s-70s, and the establishment of a legal framework for technology transfer in the 80s onwards [20][21][22][23]. - Key success factors in international practices include sustained R&D investment, robust legal frameworks, government support, and a focus on market-driven research [33][34]. Challenges in Technology Achievement Transformation - Systemic challenges include institutional barriers, disconnect between research and market needs, balancing short-term and long-term innovation incentives, communication gaps between research teams and enterprises, and a shortage of interdisciplinary talent [27][28][29]. Evaluation Metrics - Various evaluation metrics for technology achievement transformation exist, categorized into core indicators, distinctive indicators, and efficiency indicators, each serving different purposes in assessing transformation capabilities [29][30]. Strategic Importance - The transformation of technology achievements is crucial for national development, economic competitiveness, and addressing societal challenges, ultimately enhancing the quality of life and fostering a robust middle class [38][39][50].