抽水蓄能稀缺玩家：3年真空期已过，密集投产期开启

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of the energy storage industry in addressing the supply-demand mismatch in electricity, particularly in the context of the rapid growth of artificial intelligence and its energy consumption needs [3]. Group 1: Energy Demand and Supply - The development of artificial intelligence is heavily reliant on electricity, with a large data center consuming approximately 100 million kWh annually, equivalent to the annual electricity usage of 30,000 households [3]. - Despite the rapid growth of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, the real challenge lies in managing the temporal and spatial discrepancies in electricity supply and demand, which underpins the logic of the energy storage industry [3]. Group 2: Energy Storage Solutions - Among various emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies, pumped hydro storage remains the most mature and economically viable option, with a competitive landscape dominated by only a few key players, namely State Grid and two companies under Southern Power Grid [4].