自动驾驶时代的新堵点：Robotaxi挑战与协同管理之解

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that the deployment of autonomous ride-hailing services (Robotaxis) may exacerbate traffic congestion rather than alleviate it, highlighting the need for regulatory measures to integrate these vehicles into urban transportation systems effectively [1][2][4]. Group 1: Misconceptions about Autonomous Taxis - Urban planners are often misled by the myth that autonomous taxis will magically solve traffic congestion, as they are expected to reduce private car usage and optimize traffic flow [2][4]. - The reality is that autonomous taxis can contribute to increased congestion due to their operational behaviors, such as cruising without passengers [2][4]. Group 2: Hidden Realities of Autonomous Ride-Hailing - Unmanaged autonomous technology is likely to double traffic congestion instead of reducing it, as evidenced by studies showing that many city officials are optimistic about the benefits but also concerned about increased vehicle mileage and reduced public transport usage [4][6]. - Autonomous taxis can create "induced" demand, leading to more trips that would otherwise have been made using public transport or not at all [6][11]. Group 3: Factors Contributing to Increased Congestion - Autonomous taxis may operate empty for significant portions of their journeys, with studies indicating that 30% to 40% of their total mileage could be without passengers [7][11]. - The convenience of autonomous taxis may encourage urban sprawl, as people are more likely to live farther from city centers when commuting becomes easier, leading to longer travel distances and increased overall vehicle mileage [9][11]. - Autonomous taxis compete with public transport rather than complementing it, potentially leading to a 75% drop in public transport ridership if not properly integrated [11][13]. Group 4: Proposed Solutions for Managing Autonomous Taxis - Cities should implement geographic restrictions on autonomous taxi operations to prevent congestion hotspots, especially during peak hours [13][14]. - Integrating ticketing systems between autonomous taxis and public transport can enhance the overall efficiency of urban mobility [13][14]. - Charging fees for empty or low-occupancy trips can discourage unnecessary cruising and promote shared rides [13][14]. - Mandatory data sharing and public oversight are essential to ensure that autonomous taxi operations align with community transportation goals [13][14]. Group 5: Urgency for Action - There is an urgent need for cities to prepare for the potential congestion exacerbated by autonomous taxis, requiring bold regulations and coordinated oversight [15]. - The focus should be on ensuring that autonomous vehicles serve public transportation needs first, rather than merely enhancing personal convenience [15].