人形机器人路在何方？顶刊重磅综述，北航、国创中心、浙大等全景解析人形机器人技术现状与趋势

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rapid development and potential of humanoid robots, highlighting a significant review published in a top mechanical engineering journal that outlines the current state and future trends of humanoid robot technology [1][3]. Group 1: Development History and Current Status - Humanoid robot technology has evolved through four stages from 1969 to the present, including early development, high integration, dynamic motion and intelligence, and a rapid development explosion since 2022 [7][4]. - Humanoid robots are defined as bio-inspired general-purpose robots that mimic human appearance and functions [4]. Group 2: Global Industry Landscape - Internationally, the humanoid robot sector is led by companies like Tesla and Figure AI, with significant contributions from academic institutions such as MIT and Tokyo University [9]. - In China, despite a later start, numerous innovative companies are emerging, supported by national and local policies, creating a dual-track development model alongside universities [10][11]. Group 3: Key Core Technologies - The article identifies six key technology modules essential for humanoid robots, including body design, core components, high-precision environmental perception, embodied intelligence, human-robot collaboration, and operating systems [14][15]. - The use of lightweight materials and high-performance components is crucial for achieving a balance between weight and durability in humanoid robots [17][21]. Group 4: Typical Applications - Humanoid robots are expected to excel in special service environments, intelligent manufacturing, and eventually in household and healthcare applications [38][39]. - Current applications are primarily demonstration-based, with challenges such as battery life and operational precision still needing to be addressed [42]. Group 5: Challenges and Difficulties - The development of humanoid robots faces five core challenges, including the need for collaborative innovation in hardware and software, high-precision environmental perception, and the establishment of safety standards [43][45]. Group 6: Future Development Trends - Future trends include the deep integration of embodied intelligence with general artificial intelligence, the development of end-to-end multimodal models, and the establishment of large-scale simulation training platforms [46][47].