财富FORTUNE·2025-11-24 13:07Core Insights - Monterrey is emerging as a key node in North American supply chains, driven by a shift from "efficiency-first" to "resilience-first" strategies in global supply chains [3][5] - The rise of Monterrey is not about replacing "Made in China" but rather represents a "China Plus" strategy, positioning itself as the "North American Dongguan" [3][5] Geopolitical and Economic Factors - Geopolitical tensions and the COVID-19 pandemic have prompted companies to seek manufacturing bases outside of China, with Mexico surpassing China as the largest source of imports to the U.S. in 2023 [5][6] - U.S. imports from China fell by 20% to $427.2 billion, while imports from Mexico reached $475.6 billion [5] - The USMCA agreement has provided policy certainty for local manufacturing, requiring a 75% North American content ratio for automobiles [5][6] Industrial Ecosystem Development - Monterrey is developing an industrial ecosystem similar to that of Dongguan, focusing on automotive, electronics, and renewable energy sectors [6][8] - Major companies like Tesla are investing significantly in Monterrey, creating a "magnet effect" that attracts other businesses [8][9] Chinese Investment in Monterrey - Chinese companies are increasingly establishing a presence in Monterrey to bypass USMCA barriers, with notable investments from Hisense and Trina Solar [10][11][12] - Estimates suggest that Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico could exceed $10 billion from 2023 to 2025, with a significant portion in Nuevo León, where Monterrey is located [13] Comparative Advantages and Challenges - Monterrey shares similarities with Dongguan, such as industrial clusters and competitive labor costs, but faces unique challenges like infrastructure limitations and water shortages [14][15][16] - The average manufacturing wage in Monterrey is projected to rise from $3.70 in 2023 to around $6.10 by 2025, posing a challenge for companies [16] Future Outlook - The emergence of Monterrey signals a restructuring of global supply chains into major regional hubs, with potential for "three major Dongguans" in North America, Europe, and Asia [18] - Companies must adapt to new risks and manage local relationships, emphasizing the importance of ESG and community engagement [17][19]